TNF and heart failure: The CORONA study that included 1,464 patients with chronic ischemic systolic HF demonstrated that serum levels of TNF-α, soluble TNF receptors type I and II (sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII), and the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were independent predictors of all endpoints (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and worsening heart failure).