AKR1C3 and ovarian carcinoma: In ovarian cancer samples, androstenedione can be formed from DHEA (Chura et al., 2009a), although Ren et al. (Ren et al., 2015) found no evidence for further formation of estrogens via the aromatase pathway or activation of androstenedione to testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone, as also supported by down-regulation of AKR1C3. However, in other studies, CYP19A1 was expressed in stroma cells of ovarian cancers (Manna et al., 2016), and has been considered a target for an endocrine therapy (Langdon et al., 2017).