Using the Kaplan-Meier analysis, we examined the association of CCND2 expression with clinical variables indicating prostate cancer aggressiveness, and found that the time to postoperative PSA recurrence and for overall survival was significantly shorter in the patient group with lower expression levels of CCND2 (P < 0.05; Fig. 5a and b), the latter association was also observed to be significant in another independent cohort of prostate cancer54 (P = 0.023; Fig. 5c). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.