In contrast, higher transcript levels of BAD, PDGF-C and PDGF-D appeared to correlate with high Gleason score and PSA levels30, 35, 37, 40, 49–52 (Supplementary Figs 3g–l and 4e–h and 5), suggesting that these three genes may possess oncogenic functions whereas CCND2 is a potential tumor and metastasis suppressor in prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.