We next calculated the odds ratios of incident atherosclerosis and stenosis for a 1-SD unit higher DKK3 level (logistic regression analysis, P=0.035 and 0.004, model 1, online-only Data Supplement Table I) and confirmed the associations to be independent of a broad panel of established and putative vascular risk factors, including those significantly related to DKK3 level in Table (model 2, online-only Data Supplement Table I). The gene discussed is DKK3; the disease is atherosclerosis.