Furthermore, abnormal FHR proteins are associated with familial cases of C3G, a condition wherein complement-mediated renal injury is derived from abnormal regulation of alternative pathway activation.20, 26, 29, 30, 31In vitro data have shown that FHR-117 and FHR-519 compete with fH for binding to activated C3 (termed C3b). The gene discussed is C3; the disease is complement 3 glomerulopathy.