IPA indicated that the top pathways that were different between HF and control offspring in both F1 and F3 generations were related to vitamin D receptor/retinoid X receptor (VDR/RXR) activation, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signaling, farnesoid X receptor/RXR (FXR/RXR) activation, hereditary breast cancer signaling, and Notch signaling (Additional file 6: Table S4). The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is hydrops fetalis.