KDDN analysis (Fig. 4d and e, Table 1) performed to identify unique gene signaling interactions present in either the HF or control offspring highlighted the following ten genes as nodes: ALG6, DPF3, GRHL3, MAGIX, MT-TS2, and OPTC (full gene names provided in Abbreviations section below; upregulated in HF offspring), as well as AKR1C14, SLC5A3, SLC6A2, and ZBP1 (downregulated in HF offspring). This evidence concerns the gene GRHL3 and hydrops fetalis.