Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the clinicopathological correlates and prognostic impact of tumour-infiltrating macrophages (CD68+, CD163+ and MARCO+) and tolerogenic immature DCs (CD1a+) in a clinically well-annotated consecutive cohort of periampullary adenocarcinoma, with particular reference to morphological subtype and adjuvant chemotherapy. The gene discussed is CD1A; the disease is periampullary adenocarcinoma.