Of these, Duox1 and Ccl2 are the most relevant for studying susceptibility to neurodegeneration; Duox1, encodes the enzyme Dual oxidase 1, which is involved in the production of ROS, and thus belongs to the same pathway as 4-HNE [10]; Ccl2 plays a crucial role in the activation of monocytes and microglia, and has been found to be upregulated in an MPTP PD model [41]. Here, CCL2 is linked to Parkinson disease.