INS and diabetic neuropathy: Epidemiological studies have suggested multiple risk factors for DFUs: diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, biomechanical factors, previous foot ulceration, poor glycaemic control, longer duration of diabetes, smoking, ethnicity, retinopathy, nephropathy, insulin use, poor vision, age and male sex.4 Among these, diabetic neuropathy has been indicated to be the strongest initiating factor for DFUs.