While infection did not change the percentages of CD103+ DCs (13–14%), CD11b+ DCs (2–3%), alveolar macrophages (11–16%), and neutrophils (10–12%) in the lungs (Fig 5A), there was a 10-fold induction of Il1b mRNA in CD103+ DCs, 2-fold induction in CD11b+ DCs, 1.5-fold induction in alveolar macrophages and 2-fold induction in neutrophils after infection (Fig 5B). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.