CDA and neoplasm: This is speculated to act in addition to the known ability of paclitaxel to potentiate gemcitabine toxicity in vivo by decreasing levels of cytidine deaminase,58 which dephosphorylates and thus inactivates gemcitabine.59 Though stiffness is seen here to induce paclitaxel resistance in vitro, paclitaxel has been observed to decrease tumour stiffness in vivo,53 and it is yet to be determined whether the paclitaxel-resistant phenotype induced by stiffness can persist in a lower stiffness environment.