VCAM1 and brain disorder: CMECs play important roles in the initial stages of brain disorders, including MS pathogenesis, by upregulating cellular adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin, which causes them to adhere to inflammatory cells and leads to migration of inflammatory cells into the brain [1,5].