Of 76 children with elevated sTfR, 22 had low inflammation-adjusted ferritin and 19 had malaria, a hemoglobinopathy (HbSS) or homozygous α+thalassemia, and/or elevated reticulocytes (i.e., causes or evidence of increased erythropoiesis); 3 children had results consistent with both iron deficiency (as assessed by adjusted ferritin) and increased erythropoiesis (as assessed by reticulocyte number). This evidence concerns the gene TFRC and Iron deficiency anemia.