CRP and malaria: In exploratory calculations, the unadjusted (bivariate) population attributable fractions were 10.9% for inflammation (elevated CRP or AGP, possibly representing one or more infectious diseases), 6.5% for inflammation-adjusted iron deficiency, 5.3% for HbAS (sickle cell trait), 4.2% for malaria, 2.2% for homozygous α+thalassemia, and 1.9% for HbSS, although the cross-sectional study design does not permit causal attributions.