In addition, both circulating total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels have been inversely associated with parameters of insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, as well as with MetS prevalence or incidence, indicating that the use of total adiponectin concentration is a well-accepted surrogate of MetS and arterial stiffness evaluation [4, 21]. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and endothelial dysfunction.