In both the in vitro tumor spheres and the in vivo murine model, there was a significant increase in the factors associated with M1 macrophage polarization, such as CCR5-binding chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5) (45), interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β), and TNF-α (46). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.