ICAM1 and infection: Contrary to echoviruses, in coxsackieviruses B1, B3, B5, and A21 in particular, it was found that CD55 supports the binding of these viruses to the cell surface, but does not facilitate entry and lytic infection (Shafren et al., 1995, 1997); the coxsackieviruses B3 and A21 exploit intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and CAR along with CD55, respectively, for productive infection (Shafren et al., 1997; Milstone et al., 2005).