The relevance of NLRP3 inflammasome activity in HF follows from studies demonstrating that when hearts were isolated from NLRP3-deficient mice, perfused and subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion, a marked improvement of cardiac function and reduction of hypoxic damage was found compared with wild-type hearts [25], whereas Toldo et al. [88] showed that the formation of the inflammasome in acute myocarditis is predictive for the NYHA class and outcome. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is myocarditis.