With this in mind we investigated the role that ZIKV infection has in induction of antiviral gene expression by measuring the induction of IFN-β and a panel of ISGs (viperin, IFIT1, IFITM1, ISG15, OAS and Mx1) at various time points following infection using physiologically relevant cell lines of placental and neurological origin. Here, ISG15 is linked to infection.