CD4 and depressive symptom measurement: After adjusting for the baseline CD4+ T-cell count, self -reported adherence category, sex, CES-D depression score and duration of HIV disease, the mean difference in CD4+ T-cell count over the 12 months was 4.83 cells/μl, higher for hazardous alcohol users compared to non-alcohol users, (p = 0.43) and 6.22 cells/μl higher for non-hazardous alcohol users compared to non-alcohol users (P = 0.38).