A similar strategy was applied to investigate the biological significance of the variants of FGFR3, TSC2 and RASGRP2. VCaP and MDA PCa 2b cells were used as population-specific PCa models, as these two cell lines represent bone metastases derived from castration-resistant EA and AA PCa patients, respectively35, 36. Here, RASGRP2 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.