We reported that anti-dsDNA antibodies isolated from patients with LN during nephritic flare can induce secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and MCP-1 through distinct MAPK pathways in cultured PTECs14,39 and contribute to the establishment of chemotactic gradients that permit infiltration of immune cells into the tubulo-interstitium. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and lobular neoplasia.