TNF and Glucose intolerance: HFD-fed Sfrp5-deleted mice exhibited accumulation of macrophages (F4/80 and CD68), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, an increase in proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), severe glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis (79).