For this review, we searched PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE, from inception (1964 and 1974, respectively) until 1 October 2016, using these keywords and synonyms in addition to ‘self’ and ‘management’ and ‘self-management’: ‘hypoglycaemia’; ‘low glucose’; ‘hypoglycaemia avoidance’, ‘structured’ and ‘education’; ‘structured-education’, ‘insulin’ and ‘training’; ‘insulin-training’; ‘carbohydrate’ and ‘counting’; ‘carbohydrate-counting’. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Hypoglycemia.