Regarding protocol impact on DKA treatment outcomes, a retrospective study compared patients managed with and without local protocol, found that patients treated with a local protocol had a significantly shorter mean time to normalisation of serum bicarbonate, lower incidences of hypokalaemia, and lower incidence of hypoglycaemia, and no significant difference in total insulin dose (11) (Table 7). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Hypokalemia.