Another study where bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into the lateral ventricle of Sprague-Dawley rats before permanent MCAO afforded similar results, where IL-10 mRNA and protein levels are increased for up to 4 days post-stroke, TNFα is decreased, infarct volumes are smaller, and neurologic function is preserved (60). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is stroke disorder.