Interestingly, the success of the first clinical trial reported using a IL blocker, i.e., anakinra, in T2DM (Larsen et al., 2007; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00303394) reinforced the proposal that the pharmacological control of the imbalance of the IL-1:IL-1Ra ratio could be a relevant approach for the treatment of this metabolic autoinflammatory disease. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and type 2 diabetes mellitus.