CD4 and alcohol dependence: Similar results were obtained in trials of the anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram [75,76].The apparent failure of these studies in reducing the frequency of latently infected CD4+ cells highlights the difficulty in targeting persistently infected cells, our poor understanding of the size and make-up of the reservoir, the inability of the therapeutic regimen to reach all latently infected cell populations, and the poor efficacy of current treatments in activating latent HIV-1.