Because the CRLRs can confirm comparisons of different risk factors, we performed a Kaplan-Meier analysis and found that CRLRs were also significantly lower in the steroid and surgery CD group when compared to the nonsteroid and nonsurgery group, which is also consistent with the comparison of the CD8+CD28+/CD8+CD28– ratio, suggesting that the CD8+ T cell balance is closely related to the outcome in CD patients. This evidence concerns the gene CD28 and Cowden disease.