CSPG4 and neoplasm: Somewhat impervious to most of the above-mentioned obstacles are CSPG4-directed TRAIL fusions proteins, which need only contact the TRAIL death receptor in order to induce apoptosis The αCSPG4:sTRAIL fusion protein is a fully-human tumor-directed anticancer agent which exacts potent pro-apoptotic activity when bound to the cell surface of a malignant cell.