HAMP and Iron deficiency anemia: Thus, on one hand, flavonoids such as EGCG and curcumin can chelate iron, prevent the basolateral export of iron across Caco-2 cells, and induce signs of iron deficiency by increasing hepcidin expression and depleting iron stores, thereby providing clinical value during iron overload conditions and eventually restoring redox state; on the other hand, their iron-chelating property can also be detrimental and may even lead to iron deficiency.