MTOR and renal cell carcinoma: The HIF-1 pathway, consisting of von Hippel Lindau, HIF-1, and vascular epithelial growth factor, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, which includes protein kinase B and mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), are two important molecular pathways responsible for oncogenesis, disease progression, metastasis, and neovascularization in RCC [4, 6, 8]