To examine this synergy between palbociclib and autophagy inhibition in vivo, we treated Rb+ LMWE− TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumours with vehicle, HCQ, palbociclib (25 mg kg−1) or palbociclib+HCQ (Supplementary Fig. 17e). Here, RB1 is linked to neoplasm.