Consistent with a reciprocal negative-feedback relationship between ECD and PERK, activated PERK negatively regulates cell growth (33, –, 35); conversely, ECD positively regulates cell growth (41) and is overexpressed in human breast and pancreatic cancer specimens, correlating with poor prognostic markers and shorter survival times (69, 70). The gene discussed is EIF2AK3; the disease is pancreatic neoplasm.