Several strategies have been developed to target inflammation in cancer patients including for example the use of anti-inflammatory drugs (COX2 inhibitors, aspirin, and anti-inflammatory steroids) or anti-cytokines drugs (anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-α).45 It will therefore be important to design specific clinical trials to evaluate the interest of such anti-inflammatory strategies in the sub-population of CLS positive patients. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.