In the case of TGFβ signaling, when the Hippo pathway is inactive, YAP/TAZ physically interact with the Smad2/3–Smad4 complex to promote its nuclear accumulation, thereby regulating diverse transcriptional programs that maintain pluripotency in embryonic stem cells59–61, regulate differentiation into diverse lineages62–67, enhance wound healing68, and promote tumorigenesis in breast cancer, mesothelioma, and hepatocarcinoma models69–71. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is breast carcinoma.