A complex role of IGF-1 and the IGF-1 axis has been suggested in atherosclerosis, as higher levels of IGF-1 can contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development in restenosis, while low levels of IGF-1 contributes to plaque destabilization41, 44, and its action is modulated by many other physiological parameters such as presence of insulin resistance or hypercholesterolemia. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and Hypercholesterolemia.