GSK3B and cardiac hypertrophy: In cardiomyocytes, treatment with testosterone leads to phosphorylation of GSK-3β inhibitory site (Ser9), an increase in intracellular levels of calcium with consequent activation of calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and an increase in both cell size and [3H]-leucine incorporation, which suggest cardiomyocyte hypertrophy [55], suggesting that GSK-3β may be a pharmacological target to inhibit testosterone-induced cardiac hypertrophy.