YAP1 and neoplasm: The protein interactions for Ctgf (Fig. 4c) include many transcription activators in the Hippo signaling pathway, including multiple TEA domain transcription factors (Tead1, 2, 3 and 4), WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 (Wwtr1), as well as Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1), which is responsible for both increasing apoptosis and preventing cell proliferation to mitigate tumor growth and control organ size (Reviewed in [108]).