DDIT3 and cancer: According to the study reported by Sanchez-Lopez et al [25], the pharmacological inhibition of CK-α by MN58b and RSM932A changes CK-α protein folding and leads to apoptosis via CHOP-mediated ER stress in cancer cells, including MCF-7, but partial genetic inhibition of CK-α by small interfering RNA (siRNA) does not induce apoptosis.