Coexposure with forskolin and rapamycin (inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR]), roscovitine (inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases: Cdc2, CDK2, and CDK518), NVP-BEZ-235 (a dual inhibitor of mTOR/PI3K19 that potentially also inhibits ATM and ATR at high concentrations20), or sorafenib (sorafenib tosylate, a multikinase inhibitor targeting B-Raf and Raf-121) prevented the increase of cyst swelling induced by forskolin (Fig. 2C,D). Here, RAF1 is linked to cyst.