ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: A great number of studies using human, animal, and in vitro models to investigate the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms have shown that adiponectin influences obesity, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and other components of metabolic syndrome (Hu et al., 1996, Arita et al., 1999, Ryo et al., 2004, Matsuzawa, 2010).