HMGB1 and isolated focal cortical dysplasia type II: Binding of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to Beclin1 maintains Beclin1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) complex formation during autophagy activation (Tang et al., 2010); accordingly, we analyzed whether CDT reduces HMGB1, thereby limiting the formation of the HMGB1-Beclin1-PI3K complex and reducing autophagy.