HMOX1 and Alzheimer disease: Healthy neurons respond to the oxidative stress triggered by excitatory synaptic activity by activating the transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2, which, in turn induces the expression of SOD2 and heme oxygenase 1, respectively.81,82 Another defense against oxidative stress that is adversely impacted in aging and AD is the plasma membrane redox system, which includes the enzymes reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), NADH-ferrocyanide reductase, NADH-coenzyme Q10 reductase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase.83,84