MAPT and Cognitive impairment: Patients with LBD often exhibit hippocampal sclerosis and TDP-43 inclusions in hippocampal neurons.26 In one study of 342 subjects diagnosed with AD based on Aβ and p-Tau pathology, 195 of the subjects exhibited TDP-43 pathology.23 In the latter study, TDP-43 pathology was strongly correlated with cognitive impairment and medial temporal lobe atrophy.