To determine if time and Ag-stimulation history-dependent differences in ability to undergo bystander activation impact clearance of infection with non-related pathogens, we sorted 1° earlyM and lateM or 1° and 3° earlyM cells (4 × 105/each) and transferred into IFN-γ knockout mice followed by LM infection, and assessed bacterial clearance in the liver 2 days after infection. Here, IFNG is linked to infection.