CCN3 and acute kidney injury: 71, 72, 73, 74 Nonetheless, our results are consistent with a previous study showing that GSK3 inhibition significantly reduced the expression of TGFβ1 in a rodent IR model of AKI.30 In addition, the increased CCN2 and CCN3 expression in chronic alcohol-treated mice after renal IR may be due to enhanced GSK3 activation.