VWM is caused by recessive mutations in any of the five genes (EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, and EIF2B5) encoding the subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B, subunits α, β, γ, δ and ε) [240]. The gene discussed is EIF2B5; the disease is leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter.