NPY and metabolic syndrome: Previous studies have demonstrated an effect of a T1128C single nucleotide polymorphism (Leu7Pro) in the signal peptide of NPY (prepro-NPY) on parameters of lipid metabolism, glucose control, and even vascular disease: The 7Pro substitution has been associated with higher total [17] and LDL cholesterol levels [18], increased blood pressure [19], increased risk for type 2 diabetes [20], the frequency of the metabolic syndrome [21, 22], and increased vascular disease [19, 23–27].