Furthermore, NF1-associated drug resistance to RAF and EGFR inhibitors, tamoxifen and retinoic acid, has been observed in melanoma, lung cancers, breast cancers and neuroblastoma, respectively, and melanoma cells with BRAF/NF1 mutations develop resistance to BRAF inhibitors [58, 111, 130, 167]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and breast carcinoma.