ALB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: This has even been found to occur during severe inflammation such as that induced by endotoxin [31]; secondly, EAAs have been reported to increase albumin concentrations in sarcopenic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [32] and in elderly institutionalised individuals [33]; and thirdly, EAAs increase Hb concentrations in haemodialysed subjects [34].