For instance, the Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways play a prominent role in neuronal self-repair during very early stages of PD and they enhanced phosphorylation of BAD at Ser136 or Ser112, promoting the release of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL leading to inhibition of apoptotic events53. This evidence concerns the gene BCL2L1 and Parkinson disease.